The UCLA team, Taylor Webb, Keith Holyoak, and Hongjing Lu, relied on a large collection of ways that past research has tested humans’ ability to reason via analogy. The classic form of this is the completion of a comparison—think “cold is to ice as hot is to ____”—where you have to select the best completion from a set of options.
Related tests involve figuring out the rules behind transformations of a series of letters. So, for example, if the series a b c d is transformed to a b c e, then the rule is to replace the last letter of the series with its alphabetical successor. The participant’s understanding of the rule is tested by asking them to use the rule to transform a different set of letters. Similar tests with numbers can involve complex rules, such as “only even numbers in order, but can be ascending or descending.”
On all of these tests, GPT-3 consistently outperformed undergrads, although the margins varied depending on the specific test involved. The researchers also found that the software could develop rules based on a series of numbers, and then apply them to a different domain, such as descriptions of temperatures like “warm” and “chilly.” They conclude that “these results suggest that GPT-3 has developed an abstract notion of successorship that can be flexibly generalized between different domains.”
Alphabet Inc. (GOOG)旗下谷歌的软件工程师Blake Lemoine告诉该公司,他认为其对话应用语言模型(简称LaMDA)是一个人,具有权利,可能还有灵魂。LaMDA是一个内部系统,用于构建模仿语音的聊天机器人。
谷歌发言人Brian Gabriel说,包括伦理学家和技术专家在内的公司专家已经评估了Lemoine的说法,谷歌通知他,相关证据并不支持他的说法。这位发言人表示,Lemoine正在休行政假,但未予提供进一步的细节,称这是一个长期的私人性质的人事问题。《华盛顿邮报》(The Washington Post)早些时候报道了Lemoine的说法和他被谷歌停职的情况。
Gabriel 在一份电子邮件声明中说:“数以百计的研究人员和工程师与LaMDA进行了对话,就我们所知,没有其他人像Blake那样对LaMDA进行了广泛的认定或拟人化。”
If your model doesn’t have the same performances on the training set and in the live environment is not a matter of trust, but a problem either in your dataset or in your testing framework. Trust is built on performances and performances on metrics: design the ones that work for your problem and stick to them. If you’re looking for trust in interpretability you’re just asking to the model questions you already know the answers, and you want them to be provided in the exact way you are expecting them. Do you need machine learning for building such a system? The need of ML arises when you know questions and answers but you don’t know an easy way to get from one to the others. We need a technique to fake the process, and it might be that an easy explanation for it doesn’t even exist.
(略)
I’m not a fanboy, and the more I know about machine learning, trying to build some real products out of it, the most I loose interest in this kind of discussions. Probably, the only useful thing about ML is in its ability to replicate processes that aren’t easy to describe explicitly: you just need questions and answers, the learning algorithms will do the rest. Asking for interpretability as a condition for real world usages is undermining the foundations of the whole field. If the trained model has good performances and it’s not interpretable we are probably on the right track; if it’s interpretable (and the explanation is understandable and replicable) why loosing weeks and GPU power? Just write some if-else clauses.